Gum disease is one of the most common oral health issues, affecting millions of people worldwide. While it often starts as a mild condition, if left untreated, it can lead to serious complications like tooth loss and even impact overall health. In this post, we’ll break down everything you need to know about gum disease: its symptoms, causes, and actionable tips to prevent it.
What is gum disease?
Gum disease generally falls into two categories:
- Gingivitis: The early stage, is characterized by inflammation of the gums.
- Periodontitis: A more advanced stage, where the infection affects the bone and supporting structures of the teeth.
Symptoms of gum disease
Gum disease often starts silently, with mild symptoms that can be easy to overlook. However, as it progresses, the signs become more apparent. Watch out for the following:
Early Symptoms (Gingivitis):
- Gums that bleed easily during brushing or flossing
- Red, swollen, or tender gums
- Persistent bad breath or a bad taste in the mouth
Advanced Symptoms (Periodontitis):
- Receding gums that make teeth appear longer
- Formation of deep pockets between teeth and gums
- Loose or shifting teeth
- Pain while chewing
- Pus around the teeth and gums
The earlier you recognize these symptoms and seek treatment, the better your chances of halting the disease and preventing irreversible damage.
What causes gum disease?
Several factors can increase your risk of developing gum disease, including:
- Poor oral hygiene: Inadequate brushing and flossing allow plaque to accumulate
- Smoking and tobacco use: These habits impair gum tissue and weaken your body’s ability to fight infection.
- Genetics: A family history of gum disease can make you more susceptible.
- Hormonal changes: Pregnancy, menopause, and puberty can make gums more sensitive.
- Chronic conditions: Diseases like diabetes and rheumatoid arthritis can increase the risk of gum disease.
- Stress: High-stress levels can weaken your immune system, making it harder to combat infections.
How to Prevent Gum Disease

- Brush and floss daily: Brush your teeth at least twice a day using fluoride toothpaste and a soft-bristled toothbrush. Floss once daily to remove plaque from areas your toothbrush can’t reach.
- Rinse with mouthwash: Use an antimicrobial or fluoride mouthwash to reduce bacteria and strengthen your teeth.
- Get regular dental check-ups: Visit your dentist every six months for professional cleanings and examinations. If you’re at higher risk for gum disease, your dentist may recommend more frequent visits.
- Eat a balanced diet: A diet rich in fruits, vegetables, lean proteins, and whole grains supports your gum health. Limit sugary and acidic foods, which can promote plaque buildup.
- Stay hydrated: Drinking plenty of water helps wash away food particles and bacteria, keeping your mouth clean.
- Quit smoking: Smoking is one of the leading risk factors for gum disease. Quitting not only improves your oral health but also benefits your overall health.
- Manage stress: Find ways to relax and prioritize your mental health.
The link between gum health and overall health
- Heart disease: Inflammation from gum disease may contribute to clogged arteries and cardiovascular issues.
- Diabetes: Gum disease can make it harder to control blood sugar levels, while diabetes increases your risk of gum disease.
- Pregnancy complications: Pregnant women with gum disease are more likely to experience preterm births or low birth weight.
By taking care of your gums, you’re also protecting your overall health. Natural or hypoallergenic dental products can make a significant difference in gum health.
When to see a periodontist
During your appointment, your periodontist will perform a thorough examination, including measuring gum pockets and possibly taking X-rays to assess the health of your gums and underlying bone.
At Atlanta Center for Advanced Periodontics, we specialize in treating advanced gum diseases and can provide tailored treatment to restore gum health.
Take control of your gum health today

Gum disease is preventable and treatable with the right care and attention. By recognizing the signs, understanding the causes, and taking proactive steps to maintain your gum health, you can enjoy a healthy smile for years to come.
Ready to take the first step? At Atlanta Center for Advanced Periodontics, Dr. Pumphrey and Dr. Davis provide personalized, effective treatments for all stages of gum disease. Contact us to schedule an appointment and start protecting your gums for a healthier smile!